Hackerrank Solutions

  Cryptographic hash functions are mathematical operations run on digital data; by comparing the computed   hash   (i.e., the output produced by executing a hashing algorithm) to a known and expected hash value, a person can determine the data's integrity. For example, computing the hash of a downloaded file and comparing the result to a previously published hash result can show whether the download has been modified or tampered with. In addition, cryptographic hash functions are extremely collision-resistant; in other words, it should be extremely difficult to produce the same hash output from two different input values using a cryptographic hash function. Secure Hash Algorithm 2  ( SHA-2 ) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the National Security Agency (NSA). It consists of six identical hashing algorithms (i.e.,  SHA-256 ,  SHA-512 ,  SHA-224 ,  SHA-384 ,  SHA-512/224 ,  SHA-512/256 ) with a variable digest size....

  MD5   ( Message-Digest algorithm 5 ) is a widely-used cryptographic hash function with a   -bit hash value. Here are some common uses for   MD5 : To store a one-way hash of a password. To provide some assurance that a transferred file has arrived intact. MD5  is one in a series of message digest algorithms designed by Professor Ronald Rivest of MIT (Rivest,  ); however, the security of  MD5  has been severely compromised, most infamously by the Flame malware in  . The  CMU Software Engineering Institute  essentially considers  MD5  to be  "cryptographically broken and unsuitable for further use" . Given an alphanumeric string,  , denoting a password, compute and print its  MD5  encryption value. Input Format A single alphanumeric string denoting  . Constraints String   consists of English alphabetic letters (i.e.,   and/or decimal digits (i.e.,   through  ) only...